CBSE Class 12 Economics Sample Paper 2023, Solutions, Marking Scheme

Economics Class 12 Sample Paper 2023

Economics Class 12 Sample Paper 2023: Add up your revision for the Economics exam with the CBSE Class 12 Economics Sample Paper to be familiar with the new exam pattern to be followed in the real examination. In this article, we have provided the CBSE Class 12 Economics Sample Paper for the March 2023 board exam that has been issued by the CBSE on their official website as per the latest exam pattern along with its solution. As the Economics paper will be of subjective nature, the CBSE has released a sample paper with a similar pattern to be followed in the real examination.  

Class 12 Economics Sample Paper 2022-23

Central Board of Secondary Education has released the Class 12 Economics Board Exam for academic session 2022-23. In the board exam will be subjective with 34 questions for 80 marks out of which 20 questions of 1 mark each, 4 questions of 3 marks each, 6 questions of 4 marks each and 4 questions for 6 marks each for which the marking scheme that has been followed is as follows- 

2. This paper contains 20 Multiple Choice Questions type questions of 1 mark each.

3. This paper contains 4 Short Answer Questions type questions of 3 marks each to be answered in 60 to 80 words.

4. This paper contains 6 Short Answer Questions type questions of 4 marks each to be answered in 80 to 100 words.

5. This paper contains 4 Long Answer Questions type questions of 6 marks each to be answered in 100 to 150 words.

CBSE Class 12 Economics Answer Key 2023- Click to Check

CBSE Class 12 Economics Sample Paper PDF

CBSE has released Economics Class 12 Sample Paper PDFs as per the revised exam pattern. The students preparing for the upcoming CBSE Class 12 Economics 2023 Exam must download the official sample paper PDF along with its solution from the below link. The students must attempt this Economics Class 12 Sample Paper at least once before going to the exam hall. 

CBSE Class 12 Economics Sample Paper 2023 PDF

CBSE Class 12 Economics Sample Paper Solution

Class 12 Economics Sample Paper and Solution 2023

CBSE has recently released the official sample paper as per the revised pattern. Study the concepts, facts, and terms thoroughly so as to score well in the coming board examination. Below is the sample question from the official sample paper.

Section A – Marco Economics  

Question1. Read the following statements carefully:

Statement 1: The consumption curve is an upward-sloping straight-line curve due to the direct relationship between income and consumption and the assumption of constant Marginal Propensity to Consume.

Statement 2: Aggregate Demand curve and Consumption curve are parallel to each other.

In light of the given statements, choose the correct alternative from the following:

a) Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false

b) Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true

c) Both statements 1 and 2 are true

d) Both statements 1 and 2 are false

Solution: c) Both statements 1 and 2 are true

Question2 ‘Owing to the Russia-Ukraine crisis, the world is experiencing rising crude prices due to supply-side issues.’ Identify the most likely impact on the Balance of Payment situation of the Indian economy from the following:

a) Production of cars in India will rise.

b) Production and sale of cycles in India will rise.

c) Inflow of US Dollars in India will rise.

d) Outflow of US Dollars from India will rise.

Solution: d) Outflow of US Dollars from India will rise.

Question3. _________ is an institution that accept deposits for lending purposes.

(Fill up the blank with the correct alternative)

a) Commercial Banks 

b) Life Insurance Corporation

c) Reserve Bank of India 

d) Government of India 

Solution: a) Commercial Banks

Question 4. Read the following statements carefully:

Statement 1: The export of financial services by India will be recorded on the credit side of the current account.

Statement2: Foreign Direct Investments in India will be recorded on the credit side of the capital account.

In light of the given statements, choose the correct alternative:

a) Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false

b) Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true

c) Both statements 1 and 2 are true

d) Both statements 1 and 2 are false

Solution: c) Both statements 1 and 2 are true

Question 5. Read the following statements carefully:

Statement 1 - Net investment is a stock concept.

Statement 2 - Capital is a flow concept.

In light of the given statements, choose the correct alternative from the following:

a) Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false

b) Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true

c) Both statements 1 and 2 are true

d) Both statements 1 and 2 are false

Solution: d) Both statements 1 and 2 are false 

OR

Read the following figure carefully and choose the correct pair from the alternatives given below:

Alternatives:

a) Output, Production

b) Value added, Production

c) Output, Disposition

d) Wealth, Development

Solution: c) Output, Disposition

Question6 If in an economy, the value of the investment multiplier is 4 and Autonomous Consumption is ₹ 30 Crore, the relevant consumption function would be :

a) C=30+0.75 Y

b) C=(-)30+0.25Y

c) C=30-0.75Y 

d) C=30-0.25Y

Solution: a) C=30+0.75 Y

OR

If the increase in National Income is equal to an increase in consumption, identity the value of Marginal Propensity to Save :

a) Equal to unity 

b) Greater than one

c) Less than one 

d) Equal to zero

Solution: d) Equal to zero

Question 7 Money supply in India may increase if, ________________(Choose the correct alternative)

1. Reserve Bank of India(RBI) injects more money into circulation

2. the commercial banks expand their credit operation

3. tax rates are reduced by the Central Government

4. Reserve Bank of India increases the Bank Rate

Alternatives:

a) 1,2 and 3 are correct

b) 2,3 and 4 are correct

c) 1,3 and 4 are correct

d) 1,2 and 4 are correct

Solution: a) 1,2 and 3 are correct

Question 8. Suppose, the following data is presented, for an imaginary economy: (all figures in ₹ ‘000 Crore)

Identify, which of the statement about the period 2010 to 2020 is correct.

a) Improvement in the balance of trade

b) Increase in a trade deficit

c) Improvement in balance in invisible items

d) Deterioration of the balance of trade

Solution: a) Improvement in the balance of trade

OR

The following information is given for an imaginary country: 

Balance on current account will be ____________ of ₹ ______ thousand Crore.

a) deficit, 10

b) surplus,5

c) deficit, 5

d) surplus, 10

Solution: b) surplus,5

Question9 Read the following statement -Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below:

Assertion (A): Ex-post Investments represent planned Investments; whereas ex-ante Investments represent the actual level of investments.

Reason (R): At the equilibrium level, Ex-ante Savings and Ex-ante Investments are always equal. 

Alternatives:

a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.

d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

Solution: d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true

Question10 Read the following statement -Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below:

Assertion (A): Saving curve makes a negative intercept on the vertical axis at the zero level of income.

Reason (R): Saving function refers to the functional relationship between saving and income.

Alternatives:

a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.

d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

Solution: b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)

Question11. Suppose in a hypothetical economy there are only two Firms A and B, Firm A sold goods for ₹ 2,000 to Firm B and purchased goods for ₹ 1,000. Firm B exported goods for ₹ 2,500 and had domestic sales of ₹ 1,500. Calculate Net Domestic Product at market price, if consumption of fixed capital is ₹ 200.

Solution: 

Net Domestic Product at MP = Gross Domestic Product at the Market price – Consumption of Fixed Capital

= 3,000 – 200 = ₹ 2,800 

Question12. Explain, how the exchange rate is determined under a free market exchange rate system.

Solution: The equilibrium rate of exchange is established at a point where the quantity demanded and quantity supplied of foreign exchange are equal. In the foreign exchange market, if disequilibrium occurs, it may lead to a situation of excess demand or excess supply. The market mechanism will drive the exchange rate back to the equilibrium level. This implies that the free market forces of demand and supply will operate in such a manner that the equilibrium rate of exchange is automatically restored.

OR

Distinguish between autonomous and accommodating transactions in Balance of Payments Accounts. 

Solution: Autonomous transactions are those international economic transactions that are independent of the state of Balance of Payments (BOP). These transactions generally take place with an ‘economic motive’. These transactions are called ‘above the line transactions in the Balance of Payments account. Whereas; Accommodating transactions are those international economic transactions that are undertaken (by competent authorities) to cover the surplus or deficit in the Balance of Payments. These transactions are independent of any economic motive and are called ‘below-the-line transactions in the Balance of Payments account.

Question13. If an economy plans to increase its income by ₹ 2,000 crores and the Marginal Propensity to Consume is 75%. Estimate the increase in investment required to achieve the targeted increase in income.

Solution: Given, MPC = 0.75, ΔY = ₹ 2,000 Crore

K = 1/1−𝑀𝑃𝐶 =1/1−0.75=1/0.25 = 4

According to the question:

K = ΔY/ΔI

4 = 2000/ΔI

ΔI = 2000/4

= ₹ 500 Crore

Therefore, the increase in investment (ΔI) required = ₹ 500 Crore

Question14. As per the following news published in The Economic Times on 26th December 2021:

‘Reserve Bank of India has sold government securities worth ₹ 8,710 crores in the secondary market, over the last four weeks, to drain out excessive liquidity. Identify the likely cause and the consequences behind, this type of action plan of the Reserve Bank.

Solution: The given instance where the Reserve Bank of India has sold government securities in the secondary market indicates inflation as a possible cause behind the action taken by RBI. By selling off the government securities, RBI withdraws money from circulation and thereby reducing the lending capacity of the commercial banks. In this process, the economy will experience a contraction of credit, leading to a reduction in consumption and investment demand. Consequently, the inflationary pressure in the economy will get eased out.

Question15. Read the following text carefully, and discuss briefly the relevant function of the Central Bank, indicated :

Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) conducted a statutory inspection for supervisory evaluation against a Commercial Bank. The commercial bank was imposed with stringent penalties, owing to deficiencies in regulatory compliance. As per the Central Bank, the inspection revealed non-compliances vis-à-vis different directions issued by RBI, on the following fronts:

i. ATM Card Fraud

ii. Ensuring integrity and quality of data

iii. Loans to small borrowers (adapted/moderated -livemint.com)

Solution: The given text indicates the ‘supervisory function’ of the Central Bank, under which the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) regulates and supervises the routine functioning of commercial banks. Under this function, the RBI may exercise periodic inspections/audits of commercial banks, filing of reports by commercial banks, and other statutory compliances. The central bank may take necessary corrective and punitive actions against the banks owing to deficiencies in regulatory compliance. 

OR

‘Reserve Ratio and Credit Creation are inversely related.’ Do you agree with the given statement? Justify your answer with a suitable numerical example. 

Solution: Yes, there exists an inverse relation between Reserve Ratio and Credit Creation in the economy.

We know that:

Money Multiplier = 1/𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜

Credit Creation = Initial Deposits x Money Multiplier

Assuming that the value of initial deposits is ₹ 10,000 crore.

From the above calculation, we can conclude that higher the reserve Ratio, lesser credit will be created by Commercial Banks in the economy

Question16 a) Define Gross Domestic Product (GDP) deflator and discuss its importance.

b) State and discuss any two precautions to be considered while estimating national income by Expenditure Method.

Solution: a) GDP Deflator is the ratio of Nominal to Real GDP. It is a tool which is used to eliminate the effect of price fluctuations in the economy and to determine the real change in physical output of current year. GDP deflator helps in comparison of growth rate of the economy.

b) i) Expenditure on second hand goods is not to be included in the final consumption expenditure as the production of these goods might not be attributed to the current year.

ii) Expenditure on ‘intermediate goods’ are not to be taken into account, to avoid the problem of double counting of value of goods and services. 

Question17. a) Compare the trends depicted in the figures given below:

b) Elaborate on the objective of ‘the allocation of resources in the Government budget.

Solution: a) Considering the data represented in the given diagram, trend of year-on-year deficit (reporting for April to November) may be stated as follows:

(i) Fiscal Deficit in 2020 increased to 10.8 lakh crore from 8.1 lakh crore in 2019. In 2021 it has gone down to 7 lakh crore.

(ii) Primary Deficit in 2020 increased to 6.9 lakh crore from 4.7 lakh crore in 2019. In 2021 it has gone down to 2.4 lakh crore.

(iii) Fiscal Deficit in 2020 increased to 135.1% of Budget Expenditure from 114.8% in 2019. In year 2021, it is 46.2% of Budget Expenditure.

b) Government seeks to allocate resources with a view to balance the goals of all sections of the society. Production of goods and services which are injurious to health may be discouraged through taxation policy. Similarly, production of goods of socially beneficial nature may be encouraged through subsidies. If the private sector does not take initiative in certain activities (Public Goods), the government may directly control them like water supply and sanitation etc.

OR

a) Distinguish between revenue receipts and capital receipts of the government, with suitable examples.

b) Distinguish between direct and indirect taxes, with suitable examples.

Solution: OR

a) Revenue receipts are those receipts which neither creates any liabilities nor causes any reduction in the assets of the government. For example: taxes, dividends received from public enterprises etc. Whereas; Capital receipts are those receipts which either creates liabilities or causes reduction in the assets of the government. For example: borrowings, disinvestments etc.

b) Direct taxes are those taxes whose impact and incidence lies on the same entity. In other words, the liability of paying direct taxes can’t be shifted. For example: income tax. Whereas; Indirect taxes are those taxes whose impact and incidence may lie on different entities. In other words, the liability of paying indirect taxes can be shifted. For example: GST. 

Section B – Indian Economic Development 

Question18. Identify, which of the following indicates the adverse impact of British rule in India.

a) Introduction of communication networks in India

b) Change in composition of India’s foreign trade

c) Introduction of the modern administrative system in India

d) Introduction of railways in India

Solution: b) Change in composition of India’s foreign trade

Question19 __________committee was set up for the development and promotion of small scale industries in India.

a) Karve 

b) Tapas Majumdar

c) Mahalanobis 

d) TRYSEM

Solution: a) Karve

Or

The First Industrial Policy Resolution of Independent India was announced in the year______

(Fill in the blank with the correct alternative)

a) 1947 

b) 1948 

c) 1951 

d) 1956

Solution: b) 1948

Question20. _________ and _____ are the reasons for the slowdown of Pakistan's economy since independence.

I. political instability

II. over-dependence on remittances from abroad

III. stable performance of the agriculture sector

IV. growth of the service sector

Alternatives:

a) I and II b) II and III

c) III and IV d) I and IV

Solution: a) I and II

OR

‘GLF’ with respect to the People’s Republic of China is referred to as ______(Choose the correct alternative).

a) Giant Leap Forward 

b) Great Lead Forum

c) Great Leap Forward 

d) Giant Lead Forum

Solution: c) Great leap forward

Question21 Identify which of the following is a source of non-institutional credit in the rural areas of India.

a) NABARD 

b) Regional Rural Banks

c) Money Lenders 

d) Commercial Banks 1

Solution: c) Money Lenders

Question22 From the set of the events given in column I and the corresponding facts given in Column II, choose the correct pair of statements:

Alternatives:

a) i – A

b) ii – B

c) iii – C

d) iv - D 

Solution: b) ii – B

Question23 Read the following statements carefully.

Statement 1: On-the-job training help to bridge the gap between theoretical concepts and practical experiences.

Statement 2: On-the-job training updates the employees, with the latest changes in their work field.

In light of the given statements, choose the correct alternative:

a) Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false

b) Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true

c) Both statements 1 and 2 are true

d) Both statements 1 and 2 are false

Solution: c). Both statements 1 and 2 are true 

Question24 Read the following statements carefully.

Statement 1: Both India and Pakistan initiated their economic reforms without any external pressures.

Statement 2: Pakistan has successfully implemented the SEZ policy and reaped its benefits using the Export Promotion policy.

In light of the given statements, choose the correct alternative:

a) Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false

b) Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true

c) Both statements 1 and 2 are true

d) Both statements 1 and 2 are false

Solution: d). Both statements 1 and 2 are false

Question25 _______________is not a cause for environmental degradation.

a) Waste management

b) Deforestation

c) Global warming

d) Guarding green cover

Solution: d). Guarding green cove

OR

______ is not the strategy for Sustainable Development. (Choose the correct alternative)

a) Use of biogas

b) Use of solar power

c) Use of thermal power

d) Use of hydel power

Solution: c) Use of thermal power

Question26 Read the following statement -Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below:

Assertion (A): Unemployment and poverty are inseparable twins.

Reason(R): Unemployment is the root cause of all socioeconomic evils.

Alternatives: 

a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.

d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

Solution: c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.

Question 27 Read the following statement -Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below:

Assertion (A): In the late 1970s, China’s population growth rate sharply declined.

Reason(R): China has witnessed an increase in the proportion of elderly people owing to stringent family planning programs.

Alternatives:

a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.

d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

Solution: d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

Question28 Interpret the given picture on account of current environmental challenges.

Solution: The given image indicates towards the environmental challenge of ‘global warming’. Global warming is a gradual increase in the average temperature of the earth’s lower atmosphere as a result in the increase in greenhouse gases. The statement given, ‘we are running out of time, act now before it’s too late’ represents the urgency of actions to be taken to control the situation. Various studies have shown that global warming is causing rise in sea level, loss of coastal land, increase risks of floods etc.

Question 29 Defend or refute the following statement with a valid explanation: ‘Disguised unemployment is a common form of unemployment in rural India’

Solution: The given statement is true. Disguised unemployment is a situation where the marginal productivity of labour is zero. In India, this situation is often witnessed, as farming is more of a family affair in rural areas and most of the members are generally engaged on the farms without any direct contribution to the production process. This problem persists in rural India due to lesser availability of jobs.

Or

Critically evaluate the role of the rural banking system in the process of rural development in India.

Solution: Rapid expansion of the banking system had positive effect on rural farm and non-farm output, income and employment. In spite of it, following problems have been faced in the rural banking such as-

• The volume of rural credit in the country is still insufficient in comparison to its demand and institutional sources have failed to cover the entire rural farmers of the country.
• Less attention has been given on the credit requirements of needy (small and marginal farmers) andthe problem of overdue in agricultural credit continues.

Question30. Compare and analyze the following information related to the Imports and Exports of the three neighboring nations:

Solution: The above table shows that during the given periods the Exports from India to Pakistan have increased at an annualized rate of 3.7 % while the same with China shows 2.6% of growth. On the other hand, India’s import from China accounted for a massive 10.3 %. The corresponding figure with Pakistan witnessed an average of 5.1% respectively. The situation indicates that Indian imports from China are too high in comparison to the exports to China. This shows that Indian economy was over-dependent on Chinese economy for goods and services, over the given period of time. Whereas, in case of Pakistan gap is quite narrow, which may be due to various reasons

Question31. a) Name any one Maharatana company.

b) ‘Land ceiling promotes equity.’ Support the given statement with a valid explanation.

Solution: a) Indian Oil Corporation Limited.

b) Land ceiling means fixing the maximum size of land which could be owned by an individual, beyond which it would be taken over by the government and would be allotted to landless and small farmers. The purpose of land ceiling was to reduce the concentration of land ownership in few hands and promote equity.

OR

Discuss briefly, how institutional reforms (land reforms) have played a significant role in transforming Indian agriculture. 

Solution: After independence the government of India took several institutional/land reforms to ensure transformation of Indian agriculture, such as:

i) Land ceiling – It ensured reduction of concentration of land ownership in few hands.

ii) Abolition of Zamindari system – It focused on elimination of farmers’ exploitation and promotion of agricultural growth.

These reforms have led to stability of farming as an occupation and promoted equity

Question32.  State whether the following statements are true/false, with valid arguments:

a) Human Capital and Human Development are one and the same thing

b) India has a poor stock of technical manpower. 

Solution: a) The given statement is not true to perfection. These two may sound similar but are not exactly same. Whereas, human capital considers education and health as a means to increase labour productivity, human development is based on the idea that education and health are integral to human wellbeing.

b) The given statement is not true. India has a rich stock of scientific and technical manpower in the world. Also, India has taken a number of steps to improve it qualitatively and ensure that they are optimally utilized.

Question33. a) Define agricultural marketing.

b) Discuss briefly the importance of micro-credit programs in rural development.

c) Enlist any two problems faced by farmers in the initial years of organic farming.

Solution: a) Agriculture marketing is a process that involves the assembling, storage, processing, transportation, packaging grading and distribution of different agricultural commodities across the country

b) Self-help groups (SHG’s) have emerged to fill the gap in the formal credit system in India as its delivery mechanism has not only proven inadequate but has also not been fully integrated into the overall rural social and community development. It came up as the micro finance program .Focus of SHGs is on those rural people, small and marginal farmers, agricultural and non-agricultural laborers who do not have sustainable access to formal banking system.

c) i) Inadequate infrastructure and marketing

ii) Compared to conventional farm products, organic products have more shorter shelf life span

OR

a) “India has failed to implement the recommendations of the Education Commission of 1964 -66.” Give valid arguments in support of the given statement.

b) ‘Casual wage work is the major source of employment in rural India ‘. Defend or refute the given statement with a valid reason.

Solution: a) The given statement is appropriate. Over the years India has not been able to raise the educational standards to the desired level. Education Commission of 1964-66 had recommended that at least 6 % of GDP should be spent on education so as to make a noticeable rate of growth in educational achievements. However, the current expenditure level has been quite inadequate. Thus, necessary steps must be taken by the government in this direction.

b) The given statement is refuted. In rural areas, non-farm job opportunities are limited. People generally do not show preference to acquire skill and training for non-farm occupation .They prefer to stay on family farms and fields as self-employed.

34. Read the following text carefully and answer the given questions on the basis of the same and common understanding: 

The Green Revolution in India began in the mid-1960s marking a transition from traditional agriculture in India to high-yielding varieties of seeds and the associated modern agricultural techniques. The need for the introduction of the Green Revolution in India arose due to a shortage of food grains in the post-independent period. The government in post-independent India wanted to ensure self-dependence in terms of food-grain production. Such efforts coincided with the development of high-yielding varieties of seeds of wheat developed by Dr. Norman Borlung and his associates in Mexico. These seeds also necessitated changes in farming techniques such as the addition of fertilizers, pesticides, and better irrigation facilities. High-yielding varieties of seeds were first introduced in India in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and parts of western Uttar Pradesh.

In the early period of the green revolution in India, the focus was to acclimatize the new system with the more resource-intensive agricultural methods. The argument for introducing the new crop varieties was to increase agricultural production in terms of higher crop yields. The seeds introduced during the early period of the green revolution in Punjab were not high yielding by themselves. These high yields were possible due to the seeds being highly responsive to certain inputs such as irrigation water and fertilizers. The green revolution in India, thus, necessitated a resource-intensive process whereby, those who could make significant capital investments could benefit, whereas, those others became more marginalized in regions affected by practices of the green revolution in India. On one hand, the results derived from the green revolution helped farmers to increase their yield and income and on the other hand, it helped the government to procure and preserve more food grains through agencies like the Food Corporation of India. These food grain reserves were helpful in the creation of buffer stocks in India, which helped in situations of adversity.

a) Why was the Green revolution implemented and how did it benefit the farmers?

b) Justify the following statement with a valid explanation: ‘Green revolution enabled the government to procure sufficient food grains to build its stocks that could be used during times of shortage’.

Solution: a) Green revolution was implemented in India to overcome the shortage of food-grain availability in the post-independence period. Green revolution has increased the production and productivity in the agriculture sector which was otherwise very low. It helped in improving the income of the farmers by creating marketable surplus, increased employment and output.

b) The given statement is appropriate as the Green Revolution helped government to procure and preserve more food grains through agencies like Food Corporation of India. Increase in food grain production has been so substantial that India not only started maintaining buffer stocks of food grains but also became a dominant player in food grain exports market.

Steps to download CBSE Class 12 Sample Paper 2022-23

Download the CBSE Sample Paper 2022-23 Class 12 by following the below-mentioned steps or directly download CBSE Class 12 Economic sample papers from the above link.

Step I- Visit the official website of CBSE Academic @ www.cbseacademic.nic.in. 

Step II- Click on the notification appearing in the academic section- “Sample Question Papers of Classes X and XII for Exams 2022-23

Step III- Click on the link under “Sample Papers Class XII”.

Step IV- Search for Economics in the list of “Class XII Sample Question Paper & Marking Scheme for Exam 2022-23” appears on the screen. 

Step V- Click on “SQP” for all the subjects and download the sample paper pdf. 

Step VI- Check the marking scheme after attempting Class 12 sample paper 2022-23 for Economics.