Preparing for the CBSE Class 12 Physics Board Exam 2026 requires conceptual clarity, strong formula revision, and regular practice of numerical. To help students score high, this article covers CBSE Class 12 Physics Important MCQs 2026 based on the latest exam pattern and previous year question papers (PYQs). These MCQs focus on high-weightage units such as Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Optics, and Modern Physics. Practicing these Physics MCQs will improve accuracy, strengthen numerical-solving skills, and boost confidence for the Class 12 board exam.
CBSE Class 12 Physics MCQs PDF
Students preparing for the board exams can download the CBSE Class 12 Physics MCQs PDF for quick and effective revision. This PDF covers important topics like Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Optics, Magnetism, and Modern Physics. Practicing these MCQs regularly will help improve accuracy, strengthen formula-based concepts, and boost confidence before the final exam. Students can download the CBSE Class 12th Physics important questions PDF given below.
CBSE Class 12th Physics MCQs Download PDF
CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter-wise Weightage and Most Asked Topics
Understanding the Class 12 Physics chapter-wise weightage helps students focus on high-scoring units. The table below is based on the latest syllabus and exam pattern to help students prepare smartly for the Physics board exam.
| CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter-wise Weightage and Most Asked Topics | ||
| Chapter Name | Average Weightage (Marks) | Primary Focus of Questions / Most Asked Topics |
| Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance | 4 – 5 | Equipotential surfaces, potential due to point charges, and energy stored in capacitor combinations. |
| Current Electricity | 7 | Drift velocity, Ohm’s Law, Kirchhoff’s rules, and power consumption in bulb circuits. |
| Moving Charges and Magnetism | 6 – 7 | Ampere’s Law, force on current-carrying conductors, and the working/sensitivity of Moving Coil Galvanometers. |
| Magnetism and Matter | 2 – 3 | Classification of materials (dia, para, and ferro), relative permeability, and magnetic dipole moment. |
| Electromagnetic Induction | 3 – 4 | Lenz’s Law, Faraday’s Law, induced EMF in loops, and motional EMF calculations. |
| Alternating Current | 5 – 6 | LCR circuit impedance, resonance conditions, power in AC circuits, and phase relationships. |
| Electromagnetic Waves | 3 | Displacement current properties and identifying parts/uses of the EM spectrum. |
| Ray Optics and Optical Instruments | 9 | Total Internal Reflection (critical angle), lens/mirror magnification, and compound microscope magnifying power. |
| Wave Optics | 6 | Huygens Principle, Young’s Double Slit Experiment (YDSE) fringe width, and diffraction patterns. |
| Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | 4 | Einstein’s photoelectric equation, stopping potential graphs, and de-Broglie wavelength for particles. |
| Atoms | 3 – 4 | Alpha-particle scattering (distance of closest approach) and Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. |
| Nuclei | 3 – 4 | Nuclear density, binding energy per nucleon curve, and energy released in fission/fusion. |
| Semiconductor Electronics | 7 | p-n junction biasing (V-I characteristics), rectifiers, and the effect of doping on conductivity. |
Top 15 Most Asked Physics MCQs from Previous Year Papers
Q1. Nuclear Density
Two nuclei have their mass numbers in the ratio 1 : 27.
What is the ratio of their nuclear densities?
(a) 1 : 27
(b) 1 : 1
(c) 1 : 9
(d) 1 : 3
Q2. Assertion–Reason (Electric Power in Series)
Assertion (A):
When three electric bulbs of power 200 W, 100 W and 50 W are connected in series to a source, the power consumed by the 50 W bulb is maximum.
Reason (R):
In a series circuit, current is the same through each bulb, but the potential difference across each bulb is different.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false and (R) is true.
Q3. Moving Coil Galvanometer
The coil of a moving coil galvanometer is wound over a metal frame in order to:
(a) Reduce hysteresis
(b) Increase sensitivity
(c) Increase moment of inertia
(d) Provide electromagnetic damping
Q4. RMS and Maximum Current
An ammeter connected in series in an AC circuit reads 10 A.
The maximum value of current at any instant in the circuit is:
(a) 102A
(b) 102A
(c) 10A
(d) 102A
Q5. Magnification of Mirror
The magnification produced by a spherical mirror is:
m=-2.0
The mirror used and the nature of the image formed will be:
(a) Convex and virtual
(b) Concave and real
(c) Concave and virtual
(d) Convex and real
Q6. Drift Velocity
Two copper wires P and Q of the same cross-sectional area are joined in parallel and connected across a battery of potential difference V.
If the lengths of wires P and Q are in the ratio 1 : 2, the ratio of drift velocities of electrons in P and Q is:
(a) 1 : 2
(b) 2 : 1
(c) 1 : 1
(d) 1 : 4
Q7. Magnetic Permeability
Which one of the following has relative magnetic permeability between 0 and 1?
(a) Aluminum
(b) Alnico
(c) Water
(d) Sodium
Q8. Photoelectric Effect
Photons of energies 1 eV and 2 eV are successively incident on a metallic surface of work function:
ϕ=0.5 eV
The ratio of kinetic energy of the most energetic photoelectrons in the two cases will be:
(a) 1 : 2
(b) 1 : 1
(c) 1 : 3
(d) 1 : 4
Q9. Assertion–Reason (n-type Semiconductor)
Assertion (A):
n-type semiconductor is not negatively charged.
Reason (R):
Neutral pentavalent impurity atom doped in intrinsic semiconductor donates its fifth unpaired electron to the crystal lattice and becomes a positive donor.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Q10. Displacement Current
Displacement current exists only when:
(a) Electric field is changing
(b) Magnetic field is changing
(c) Electric field is not changing
(d) Magnetic field is not changing
Q11. Critical Angle
The critical angle for two media A and B having refractive indices:
nA=2.0,nB=1.0
is:
(a) 0°
(b) 30°
(c) 45°
(d) 60°
Q12. Assertion–Reason (Young’s Double Slit Experiment)
Assertion (A):
In Young’s double slit experiment, if the separation dbetween coherent sources and the distance Dof the screen from the sources are both reduced to 13, the fringe width remains the same.
Reason (R):
Fringe width is proportional to dD.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false and (R) is also false.
Q13. Assertion–Reason (Hydrogen Atom)
Assertion (A):
The potential energy of an electron revolving in any stationary orbit in a hydrogen atom is positive.
Reason (R):
The total energy of a charged particle is always positive.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) Both (A) and (R) are false.
Q14. Reactance Ratio
The ratio of inductive reactance XLto capacitive reactance XCin an AC circuit is:
XL=ωL,XC=1ωC
(a) 2LC
(b) LC2
(c) LC2
(d) 2LC
Q15. Assertion–Reason (Photoelectric Current)
Assertion (A):
For radiation of frequency greater than the threshold frequency, photoelectric current is proportional to the intensity of radiation.
Reason (R):
Greater the number of energy quanta available, greater is the number of electrons absorbing energy quanta and hence greater is the number of electrons emitted.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.
How to Score Full Marks in CBSE Class 12 Physics
- Read NCERT Physics line by line because most questions in the Central Board of Secondary Education Class 12 Physics exam come directly from NCERT.
- Solve all NCERT examples, in-text questions, and back exercise questions without skipping any.
- Practice Previous Year Questions (PYQs) regularly to understand the exam pattern and frequently asked topics.
- Focus on understanding concepts instead of rote learning, especially for numericals and derivations.
- While solving numericals, always write given data, correct formula, proper substitution, and final answer with unit.
- Learn important derivations step-by-step and write them neatly in the exam.
- Draw clean, properly labelled diagrams to score full marks in diagram-based questions.
- Revise formulas daily and avoid calculation mistakes or missing units.
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