Chemical Formula of Common Compounds, Table and Complete List

What is Chemical Formula?

The chemical formula of a compound is a representation of a chemical composition that provides information about the types and numbers of atoms present in the compound using elemental symbols and subscripts. It shows the types and numbers of atoms that make up the compounds. The chemical formula of a compound provides essential information about its composition and structure.

Elemental symbols are abbreviations for the chemical elements present in the compound. Subscript numbers indicate the number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound. For example, H₂O is the chemical formula for water, which indicates that it consists of two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom bonded together. The chemical formulas are essential for describing and communicating the composition of substances in chemistry. In this article, we are covering all chemical formulas used in chemistry for Class 9, 10, 11 and 12 standards along with the types types of chemical formulas.

Types of Chemical Formulas

Chemical formulas represent the composition of chemical compounds. Here we have mentioned some of the common types of chemical formulas used in chemistry to describe and represent different types of compounds and molecules.

Empirical Formula

The empirical formula informs about the simplest whole-number or the most reduced ratio of elements in a given compound. The empirical formula doesn’t provide the exact number ratio of atoms but shows the relative proportions. For example, the empirical formula for hydrogen peroxide is H₂O₂.

Molecular Formula

The molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule. The molecular formula gives the exact composition of a compound. For example, the molecular formula for hydrogen peroxide is also H₂O₂.

Structural Formula

The structural formula uses lines to represent bonds between atoms and shows how atoms and shows how atoms are arranged in the molecule. It provides a detailed visual representation of a compound’s structure.

Condensed Structural Formula

The condensed formula is a variation of the structural formula that simplifies it further. It omits some bond lines and shows atoms grouped together. Using ethanol as an example, its condensed structural formula is CH₃CH₂OH.

Chemical Formula List (Table)

Here we have mentioned all the chemical compounds with their chemical formulas.

Chemical Formula List

Here we have discussed a list of 108 chemical formulas for various compounds.

1. CH3COOH – Acetic Acid
2. HC2H3O2 – Acetate Ion
3. NO2 – Nitrogen Dioxide
4. SO4²- – Sulfate Ion
5. PO4³- – Phosphate Ion
6. O3 – Ozone
7. H2CO3 – Carbonic Acid
8. Na2CO3 – Sodium Carbonate
9. MgSO4 – Magnesium Sulfate
10. KNO3 – Potassium Nitrate
11. Ca(OH)2 – Calcium Hydroxide
12. FeSO4 – Iron(II) Sulfate
13. Al2O3 – Aluminum Oxide
14. NaHCO3 – Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda)
15. C6H5COOH – Benzoic Acid
16. C4H10 – Butane
17. C3H8 – Propane
18. C2H2 – Ethyne (Acetylene)
19. H2SiO3 – Silicic Acid
20. H2PO4^- – Dihydrogen Phosphate Ion
21. C2H3Cl – Vinyl Chloride
22. C3H6O – Acetone
23. Na2SO4 – Sodium Sulfate
24. KMnO4 – Potassium Permanganate
25. NaNO3 – Sodium Nitrate
26. FeCl3 – Iron(III) Chloride
27. NH4OH – Ammonium Hydroxide
28. C6H4OH – Hydroquinone
29. H2C2O4 – Oxalic Acid
30. C6H5CH3 – Toluene
31. C7H6O2 – Salicylic Acid
32. C7H6O3 – Aspirin
33. C8H10 – Xylene
34. C6H5NH2 – Aniline
35. C5H5N – Pyridine
36. C6H5NO2 – Nitrobenzene
37. H3PO4 – Phosphoric Acid
38. Ca3(PO4)2 – Calcium Phosphate
39. FeS – Iron(II) Sulfide
40. NaClO – Sodium Hypochlorite
41. CH3COCH3 – Acetophenone
42. NaCN – Sodium Cyanide
43. C6H5CHO – Benzaldehyde
44. C6H5COCH3 – Acetophenone
45. C2H4O2 – Acetic Anhydride
46. CH3CH2COCH3 – Butanone (Methyl Ethyl Ketone)
47. C6H5COCH2C6H5 – Acetylbenzene (Acetophenone)
48. C6H5COOH – Benzoic Acid
49. C6H5COC6H5 – Benzophenone
50. C10H14N2 – Nicotine
51. C6H5COC6H5 – Benzil
52. C10H12O2 – Vanillin
53. C10H14N2O – Caffeine
54. C9H8O4 – Aspirin
55. C12H10O4 – Terephthalic Acid
56. C14H8O4 – Anthraquinone
57. C12H8O4 – Resorcinol
58. C15H10O4 – Hydroquinone
59. C12H9N – Quinoline
60. C10H7N – Indole
61. C9H6N2O2 – Barbituric Acid
62. C7H5N3O6 – TNT (Trinitrotoluene)
63. C6H2(NO2)3CH3 – Tetryl
64. C7H5N5 – Caffeine
65. C6H5N3O9 – Nitroglycerin
66. C6H12N2O4S2 – Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
67. C6H8O6 – Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
68. C12H17N4O4S – Coenzyme A
69. C10H16N2O3S – Acetyl-CoA
70. C21H28O2 – Progesterone
71. C21H30O5 – Cortisol
72. C21H20O6 – Estrone
73. C22H32O2 – Testosterone
74. C19H28O2 – Prostaglandin E2
75. C24H30O4 – Cholesterol
76. C5H11NO2S – Cysteine
77. C6H13NO2 – Arginine
78. C5H9NO4 – Glutamine
79. C6H13NO5 – Asparagine
80. C9H11NO3 – Tyrosine
81. C5H9NO4 – Aspartic Acid
82. C3H7NO2 – Serine

Importance of Chemical Formula

Chemical formulas are the cornerstone of chemistry, playing a pivotal role in understanding, communicating, and manipulating the properties and behavior of matter.

1. Identification: Chemical formulas uniquely identify substances. They specify the types and quantities of atoms in a compound, allowing scientists to distinguish one substance from another.
2. Communication: Formulas are a universal language in chemistry. Scientists worldwide use them to convey information about compounds, facilitating effective communication and collaboration.
3. Stoichiometry: Formulas help determine the stoichiometry of chemical reactions, which is crucial for calculating reactant and product quantities, as well as understanding reaction mechanisms.
4. Predicting Properties: The chemical formula provides insights into the physical and chemical properties of compounds, such as their melting points, boiling points, and reactivity.
5. Safety: Understanding the chemical formulas of substances is vital for safety in laboratories and industries. It helps in the handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals.
6. Education: Learning chemical formulas is a foundational aspect of chemistry education, enabling students to grasp the fundamental principles of the field.

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