CTET Syllabus 2026 for Paper 1 and Paper 2, Official Syllabus PDF

a) Child Development (Primary School Child): 15 Questions

1. Concept of development and its relationship with learning
2. Principles of the development of children
3. Influence of Heredity & Environment
4. Socialization processes: Social world & children (Teacher, Parents, Peers)
5. Piaget, Kohlberg and Vygotsky: constructs and critical perspectives
6. Concepts of child-centred and progressive education
7. Critical perspective of the construct of Intelligence
8. Multi-Dimensional Intelligence
9. Language & Thought
10. Gender as a social construct; gender roles, gender-bias and educational practice
11. Individual differences among learners, understanding differences based on diversity of language, caste, gender, community, religion etc.
12. The distinction between Assessment for learning and assessment of learning; School-Based Assessment, Continuous & Comprehensive Evaluation: perspective and practice
13. Formulating appropriate questions for assessing readiness levels of learners; for enhancing learning and critical thinking in the classroom and for assessing learner achievement.

b) Concept of Inclusive education and understanding children with special needs: 5 Questions

1. Addressing learners from diverse backgrounds including disadvantaged and deprived
2. Addressing the needs of children with learning difficulties, ‘impairment’ etc.
3. Addressing the Talented, Creative, Specially abled Learners

c) Learning and Pedagogy: 10 Questions

1. How children think and learn; how and why children ‘fail’ to achieve success in school performance.
2. Basic processes of teaching and learning; children’s strategies of learning; learning as a social activity; social context of learning.
3. Child as a problem solver and a ‘scientific investigator’
4. Alternative conceptions of learning in children, understanding children’s ‘errors’ as significant steps in the learning process.
5. Cognition & Emotions
6. Motivation and learning
7. Factors contributing to learning - personal & environmental

a) Language Comprehension: 15 Questions

Reading unseen passages – two passages one prose or drama and one poem with questions on comprehension, inference, grammar and verbal ability (Prose passage may be literary, scientific, narrative or discursive)

b) Pedagogy of Language Development: 15 Questions

1. Learning and acquisition
2. Principles of language Teaching
3. Role of listening and speaking; function of language and how children use it as a tool
4. A critical perspective on the role of grammar in learning a language for communicating ideas verbally and in written form
5. Challenges of teaching language in a diverse classroom; language difficulties, errors and disorders
6. Language Skills
7. Evaluating language comprehension and proficiency: speaking, listening, reading and writing
8. Teaching-learning materials: Textbook, multi-media materials, multilingual resource of the classroom
9. Remedial Teaching

a) Comprehension: 15 Questions

Two unseen prose passages (discursive or literary or narrative or scientific) with questions on comprehension, grammar and verbal ability

b) Pedagogy of Language Development: 15 Questions

1. Learning and acquisition
2. Principles of language Teaching
3. Role of listening and speaking; function of language and how children use it as a tool
4. A critical perspective on the role of grammar in learning a language for communicating ideas verbally and in written form;
5. Challenges of teaching language in a diverse classroom; language difficulties, errors and disorders
6. Language Skills
7. Evaluating language comprehension and proficiency: speaking, listening, reading and writing
8. Teaching-learning materials: Textbook, multi-media materials, multilingual resource of the classroom
9. Remedial Teaching

a) Content: 15 Questions

1. Geometry
2. Shapes & Spatial Understanding
3. Solids around Us
4. Numbers
5. Addition and Subtraction
6. Multiplication
7. Division
8. Measurement
9. Weight
10. Time
11. Volume
12. Data Handling
13. Patterns
14. Money

b) Pedagogical issues: 15 Questions

Nature of Mathematics/Logical thinking; understanding children’s thinking and reasoning patterns and strategies of making meaning and learning

1. Place of Mathematics in Curriculum
2. Language of Mathematics
3. Community Mathematics
4. Valuation through formal and informal methods
5. Problems of Teaching
6. Error analysis and related aspects of learning and teaching
7. Diagnostic and Remedial Teaching

a) Content: 15 Questions

I. Family and Friends:

• Relationships
• Work and Play
• Animals
• Plants

II. Food
III. Shelter
IV. Water
V. Travel
VI. Things We Make and Do

b) Pedagogical Issues: 15 Questions

1. Concept and scope of EVS
2. Significance of EVS, integrated EVS
3. Environmental Studies & Environmental Education
4. Learning Principles
5. Scope & relation to Science & Social Science
6. Approaches of presenting concepts
7. Activities
8. Experimentation/Practical Work
9. Discussion
10. CCE
11. Teaching material/Aids
12. Problems

Child Development and Pedagogy Syllabus

• Reading unseen passages- two passages one prose or drama and one poem with questions on comprehension
• Inference
• Grammar
• Verbal Ability

Pedagogy of Language Development

• Role of listening and speaking; function of language and how children use it as a tool
  A critical perspective on the role of grammar in learning a language for communicating ideas verbally and in written form; Challenges of teaching language in a diverse classroom; language difficulties, errors and disorders
• Learning and acquisition
• Principles of language Teaching
• Language Skills
  Evaluating language comprehension and proficiency: speaking, listening, reading and writing
• Teaching-learning materials: Textbook, multi-media materials, multilingual resources of the classroom
• Remedial Teaching

Reading unseen passages
two passages one prose or drama and one poem with questions on comprehension
Inference
Grammar
Verbal Ability

Pedagogy of Language Development

• Learning and acquisition
• Principles of language Teaching
• Role of listening and speaking; function of language and how children use it as a tool
• A critical perspective on the role of grammar in learning a language for communicating ideas verbally and in written form; Challenges of teaching language in a diverse classroom; language difficulties, errors and disorders
• Language Skills
• Evaluating language comprehension and proficiency: speaking, listening, reading and writing
• Teaching-learning materials: Textbook, multi-media materials, multilingual resource of the classroom
• Remedial Teaching

• Distinction between Assessment for learning and assessment of learning; School-Based Assessment, Continuous & Comprehensive Evaluation: perspective and practice
• Socialization processes: Social world &children(Teacher, Parents, Peers)
• Piaget, Kohlberg and Vygotsky: constructs and critical perspectives
• Concepts of child-centered and progressive education
• Critical perspective of the construct of Intelligence
• Multi-Dimensional Intelligence
• Language & Thought
• Concept of development and its relationship with learning
• Principles of the development of children
• Influence of Heredity & Environment
• Gender as a social construct; gender roles, gender-bias and educational practice
• Individual differences among learners, understanding differences based on diversity of language, caste, gender, community, religion etc.
• Formulating appropriate questions for assessing readiness levels of learners, for enhancing learning and critical thinking in the classroom and for assessing learner achievement
• Socialization processes: Social world &children(Teacher, Parents, Peers)
• Piaget, Kohlberg and Vygotsky: constructs and critical perspectives
• Concepts of child-centered and progressive education

• Addressing the needs of children with learning difficulties, “impairment,‟ etc.
• Addressing the Talented, Creative, and Special-Abled Learners
• Addressing learners from diverse backgrounds ,including disadvantaged and deprived

• Alternative conceptions of learning in children, understanding children’s “errors‟ as significant steps in the learning process.
• How children think and learn; how and why children„ fail‟ to achieve success in school performance.
• Factors contributing to learning-personal & environmental
• Child as a problem solve rand a “scientific investigator‟
• Basic processes of teaching and learning; children’s strategies of learning; learning as a social activity; social context of learning.
• Cognition & Emotions
• Motivation and learning

• Number System- Knowing our Numbers, Playing with Numbers, Whole Numbers, Negative Numbers and, Integers
• Fractions
• Algebra: Introduction to Algebra, Ratio and Proportion
• Geometry- Basic geometrical ideas (2-D), Understanding Elementary Shapes (2-D and 3-D) Symmetry: (reflection)
• Construction (using Straight edge Scale, protractor, compasses)
• Mensuration
• Data handling

Pedagogical Issues  (10 Questions)

• Place of Mathematics in Curriculum
• Language of Mathematics
• Community Mathematics
• Nature of Mathematics/Logical Thinking
• Evaluation
• Remedial Teaching
• Problem of Teaching

 Content (20 questions)

• Materials of daily use
• The World of the Living
• Moving Things People and Ideas
• How things work
• Food
• Sources of food
• Components of food
• Cleaning food
• Materials
• Electric current and circuits
• Magnets
• Natural Phenomena
• Natural Resources

Pedagogical Issues (10 Questions)

• Nature & Structure of Sciences
• Innovation
• Text Material/Aids
• Evaluation – cognitive/psychomotor/affective
• Problems
• Remedial Teaching
• Natural Science/Aims & objectives
• Understanding & Appreciating Science
• Approaches/Integrated Approach
• Observation/Experiment/Discovery (Method of Science)

History

• When, Where and How
• The Earliest Societies
• The First Farmers and Herders
• The First Cities
• Early States
• New Ideas
• The First Empire
• Contacts with Distant lands
• Political Developments
• Culture and Science
• New Kings and Kingdoms
• Sultans of Delhi
• Architecture
• Creation of an Empir
• Social Change
• Regional Cultures
• The Establishment of Company Power
• Rural Life and Society
• Colonialism and Tribal Societies
• The Revolt of 1857-58
• Women and reform
• Challenging the Caste System
• The Nationalist Movement
• India After Independence

Geography 

• Globe
• Environment in its totality: natural and human environment, Air, Water
• Human Environment: settlement, transport and communication
• Resources: Types-Natural and Human
• Agriculture
• Geography as a social study and as a science
• Planet: Earth in the solar system

Social & Political Life

• Diversity
• Government
• Local Government
• Making a Living
• Democracy
• State Government
• Understanding Media
• Unpacking Gender
• The Constitution
• Parliamentary Government
• The Judiciary
• Social Justice and the Marginalised

Pedagogical Issues

• Concept & Nature of Social Science/Social Studies
• Class Room Processes, activities and discourse
• Developing Critical thinking
• Inquiry/Empirical Evidence
• Problems of teaching Social Science/Social Studies
• Sources – Primary & Secondary
• Projects Work
• Evaluation